In order to вЂњshift the paradigmвЂќ of disease control away from policies focused on geopolitical borders and individual infectious diseases, Gushulak and MacPherson introduce the concept of вЂњpopulation mobilityвЂќ to replace traditional considerations of migration. The authors characterize вЂњmodern migrationвЂќ-the mechanism that drives MillerвЂ™s вЂњAge of MigrationвЂќ-in terms of its departure from traditional migratory patterns, and explore the challenges it presents for global health, and particularly for the control of infectious diseases. In his subsequent contribution, Gushulak, along with his colleague Douglas MacPherson, of McMaster University and Migration Health Consultants, Inc., presents a comprehensive history of migration-associated disease and disease control policies. security since the 1970s arose from failed states and the abysmal living conditions of average people in much of the world,вЂќ Miller advocates a stronger commitment on the part of the United States to development in Africa, the Middle East, and other developing countries, including increased admissions of permanent residents from these regions. Reflecting on the future of migration and development, and recognizing that вЂњthe chief threats to U.S. These he characterizes as the globalization, acceleration, differentiation, politicization, feminization, and proliferation of migration in the traditional sense (the one-way movement of people from one homeland to another) the advent of formal mechanisms supporting вЂњcircularвЂќ migrations such as guestworker programs and the growth of international tourism. Miller examines the geopolitical origins of the present Age of Migration and examines its defining features. вЂњUnderstanding this still evolving global migratory context bears importantly upon comprehension of contemporary microbial threats.вЂќ Conversely, he notes the importance of health issues to the study of migration and security, particularly in recent years.

This era вЂњhas witnessed major developments in human mobility affecting all areas of the world,вЂќ Miller writes. MillerвЂ™s essay reviews human migratory history, focusing on the contemporary вЂњAge of MigrationвЂќ that began around 1970. Their contributions to this chapter establish a firm foundation for those that follow, providing both a wealth of detail and an overarching view of the changing picture of human migration through the ages, and particularly during the recent decades. Opening presentations by Mark Miller of the University of Delaware and Brian Gushulak of the Canadian Immigration Department Health Branch set the context for this workshop by exploring the history and ongoing political and public health significance of human migration and mobility.

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